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Portia fimbriata
''Portia fimbriata'', sometimes called the fringed jumping spider,〔 is a jumping spider (family Salticidae) found in Australia and Southeast Asia. Adult females have bodies 6.8 to 10.5 millimetres long, while those of adult males are 5.2 to 6.5 millimetres long.〔 Both sexes have a generally dark brown carapace, reddish brown chelicerae ("fangs"), a brown underside, dark brown palps with white hairs, and dark brown abdomens with white spots on the upper side. Both sexes have fine, faint markings and soft fringes of hair, and the legs are spindly and fringed. However, specimens from New Guinea and Indonesia have orange-brown carapaces and yellowish abdomens. In all species of the genus ''Portia'', the abdomen distends when the spider is well fed or producing eggs.
The hunting tactics of ''Portia'' are versatile and adaptable. All members of ''Portia'' have instinctive hunting tactics for their most common prey, but can improvise by trial and error against unfamiliar prey or in unfamiliar situations, and then remember the new approach.〔 There are differences in the hunting tactics of the regional populations of ''P. fimbriata''. Those in Australia's Northern Territory are poor at hunting jumping spiders and better against non-salticid web-building spiders and against insects. The Sri Lanka variant is fair against other jumping spiders, and good against web spiders and insects. ''P. fimbriata'' in Queensland is an outstanding predator of other jumping spiders and of web spiders, but poor against insects. The Queensland variant use a unique "cryptic stalking" technique which prevents most jumping spider prey from identifying this ''P. fimbriata'' as a predator, or even as an animal at all. Some jumping spider prey have partial defences against the cryptic stalking technique. All types of prey spiders occasionally counter-attack, but all ''Portia'' species have very good defences, starting with especially tough skin.
When meeting another of the same species, ''P. fimbriata'' does not use cryptic stalking but displays by moving quickly and smoothly. In ''P. fimbriata'' from Queensland, contests between males usually are very brief and do no damage. Contests between ''Portia'' females are usually long and violent, and the victor may evict a loser and then eat the loser's eggs – but victorious females of ''P. fimbriata'' from Queensland do not kill and eat the losing female. If a ''P. fimbriata'' male from Queensland displays to a female, she may run away or she may charge at him. If the pair reach agreement after this, they will copulate if she is mature, and if she is sub-adult he will cohabit in her nest until she finishes moulting, and then they copulate. ''P. fimbriata'' typically copulates much quicker than other jumping spiders. Unlike in other ''Portia'' species, females of ''P. fimbriata'' do not eat their mates during courting, nor during or after copulation.
== Body structure and appearance ==
Females of the jumping spider ''Portia fimbriata'' have bodies 6.8 to 10.5 millimetres long, while those of adult males are 5.2 to 6.5 millimetres long. The Queensland variety is typically smaller than the Northern Territory variety.〔 The cephalothorax is about 4 millimetres long and 3 millimetres wide, and the abdomen about 4 millimetres long and 2.2 millimetres wide.〔 The front of the cephalothorax is large and angular, and the face is broad, high and flat.〔 In Australia and Taiwan, both sexes have a generally dark brown carapace, reddish brown chelicerae ("jaws"), a brown underside, and dark brown palps with white hairs.〔 Both sexes also have fine, faint markings and soft fringes of hair. However, the female has a white fringe just above the chelicerae, while the back half of the male's cephalothorax has a white band round the bottom edge and a white groove down the back.〔 While male spiders' palps are larger than females', the palps of ''P.fimbriata'' females have a fringe of hair that makes them look about as larger as males'.〔 The abdomens of both sexes are dark brown, with white spots on the upper side.〔 Wanless' female from New Guinea has an orange carapace and chelicerae with sooty markings, palps mainly light yellow, legs orange-brown legs, and abdomen light yellow. Wanless also found a male from the Amboina area in Indonesia, showing an orange-brown carapace and chelicerae, yellow-brown to orange-brown palps, orange-brown legs and a light yellowish abdomen.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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